REW: Understanding decay and waterfall plots

In order to get the most out of REW, you need to understand how to read decay and waterfall plots. They are the most useful to consider in using REW for bass integration.

Here is a nearfield subwoofer measurement which excludes the impact of the room.

You can see in both plots the kind of result you would see in an anechoic chamber, a nice smooth response with very even and quick decay. You might say this is an ideal waterfall plot. You can also see some mains hum that comes from connecting the PC to the sound system. It it easy to pick because it occurs at 50 Hz and it is continuous, showing no sign of decay.

They decay plot shows a 2D version where the response is plotted at time intervals, in this case out to 150 ms.  Now let's look at a waterfall measured with the room response included. Unlike the previous measurements, this includes subs and mains together.

We can now see the influence of room modes, most of the peaks marked with the red dots. One in particular is marked. You can see it starts as a tiny peak that would hardly be noticed in a response plot. Over time it decays at a slower rate - this is referred to as modal ringing. Now look at all the points at the bottom of the chart where these peaks stand out. This is the main thing we are looking for in decay and waterfall plots. 

The room shown above might be considered a good room. It has light construction with plasterboard/drywall and a timber floor. Moderate EQ has been used to tame some of the peaks. Many rooms will in fact be worse than this, however this room really does need acoustic treatment as well to control the modal ringing. 

This is a far better measurement and it includes 3 large bass traps. The decay is now more even and modal ringing has been damped. There is still some room for improvement on paper, but this level of performance would be considered excellent. Subjectively the result is very tight and fast. 

Tips

• When generating the measurement signal, limit the bandwidth to 15 - 400 Hz. This will result in a smaller file size (REW files are large). 
• Set the time window to 300 ms
• Pay attention to the chart limits as they can affect how the chart is perceived. Aim to compare plots with the same limits.
• Waterfalls can be misleading. Notice how the lighter green waterfall appears to have worse ringing below 25 Hz. In reality the improvement is minor, but the dark green waterfall has early roll-off. This makes it appear as if the decay were better. This is where the decay plot proves useful as you can more easily see the relative decay of each. 

REW measurements - TL speakers and Rythmik Subs

This one is digging into the archives for some measurements of my TL speakers shown elsewhere on this blog. They were combined with Rythmik subs. 

 

Looks pretty good doesn't it? This is showing a smoothed chart of my subs and TLs combined with some PEQ to get them flat. 1/3 octave smoothing approximates what we hear, but does it hide problems?

Here is the unsmoothed version. As you can see, it's also pretty good. No real problems hidden here.

What really reveals problems is the waterfall:

The steady state response is fine, but the waterfall shows considerable modal ringing. Bass traps are needed.

This is what I get with bass traps:

The steady state response isn't perhaps quite as flat in places, mainly due to spending less time on EQ in the dark green version. There are quite a few things different (speakers and crossover settings), however the critical thing is room treatment. The bass traps make a world of difference. The real achievement in the last chart lies in getting a shorter decay time. Subjectively it's a dramatic improvement.